Solar Panel & System Size Calculator

Peak sun hours vary widely by location and roof orientation. NREL’s free PVWatts tool gives a site-specific value — use it for anything beyond a first estimate.

Results update as you type.

kWh
%
%

14% is the PVWatts default (wiring, inverter, soiling, shading, etc.).

W

How it’s calculated

  • Target kWh/yr = monthly use × 12 × offset
  • kWh per kW per year = peak sun hours × 365 × (1 − losses)
  • Panels = target ÷ yield per kW ÷ panel kW, rounded up
  • Production = installed kW × yield per kW

Worked example

900 kWh per month, 100% offset, 4.5 peak sun hours, 14% losses, 400 W panels.

Inputs

Average monthly electricity use
900 kWh
Share of use to cover with solar
100 %
Peak sun hours per day (annual average)
4.5
System losses
14 %
Panel rating
400 W
Area per panel
21 sq ft

Results

System size
8 kW
Panels
20 panels
Panel area
420 sq ft
Estimated yearly production
11,300 kWh

Load this example into the calculator

Assumptions and limits

  • Peak sun hours are for the actual tilt and orientation of your roof.
  • Rounding up to whole panels means production slightly exceeds the target.
  • Estimates are not guarantees; weather varies year to year.

Verify the result against the applicable local code, adopted code edition, manufacturer instructions and project requirements. See our methodology.

Questions

How many solar panels for 900 kWh a month?

With 4.5 peak sun hours and 14% losses, about 7.6 kW — twenty 400 W panels.

Where do I get peak sun hours?

NREL’s PVWatts calculator estimates production for your exact address, tilt and azimuth.